Disaster Awareness Training
1. Lets Meet
Who are you and where/on behalf of which organization are you joining this training?
What is your role, duties and/or experiences related to disaster.
4. Danger, Risk, Vulnerability, Capacity
Heavy rain is just a DANGER.
This danger of heavy rain poses a RISK to us and the environment where we live in.
If we do not take precautions, we and the environment we live in may be harmed (VULNERABILITY) when this risk occurs.
CAPACITY is the opposite of vulnerability; the more prepared we are against disasters, the more we increase our capacity, thus reducing the possibility of hazard turning into risk.
5. Danger and Risk Concepts
DANGER It is a physical event or phenomenon arising from nature, technology or human beings that threatens life by emerging in a certain time or geography and has the potential to harm the socio- economic order and activities of the society, the natural environment, natural, historical and cultural resources.
RISK It is the probability of realisation of the loss of values such as life, property, economic and environmental values that an event may cause under certain conditions and environments.
Dangers from nature:
Earthquake
Landslide
Winterstorm
Hurricane
Avalanche
Flood
Tsunami
Volcanic activity, etc.
Technology-related dangers:
Plane-train crash
Large fires
Explosions
Dam failure
Radiological contamination
Power outage
Hazardous material release
Dangers caused by humans:
Civil unrest
Cyber attack
Terrorist actions
Sabotage
School raid
6. Vulnerability and Capability Concepts
VULNERABILITY The measure of physical, social, economic or environmental damage and losses that people and their living environments may suffer in the face of hazards of different types and sizes.
Physical vulnerability
Social vulnerability
Economic vulnerability
CAPACITY In terms of disaster management, all the power and resources that individuals,institutions, human communities or countries have in perceiving, predicting, preventing ortaking precautions to reduce the dangers and the damages they may cause.
8. Disaster
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts.
Disaster
situations where local means are insufficient to cope with the adverse effects of any hazard on life, property, the environment, the economy and cultural assets
Emergency
any situation or circumstance requiring urgency on a large scale, but usually on a scale that can be handled by local means
Disaster vs Emergency
10. Disaster Awareness Culture
- Being aware of the dangers and risks that have
- occurred and may occur in all areas of life
- Living by taking the necessary precautions
- Taking individual and social responsibility
- Being a part of the solution, not the problem,by creating social unity
- Being sensitive to the living environment
HAVING DISASTER AWARENESS means;
to live protected from the harm caused by any danger that can turn into a disaster.
11. Disaster Resistant Cities – Urban Transformation
- Effects of all possible disasters
- Location selection of urban functions
- Reserve area
- Transportation and infrastructure
- Structural security
- Social awareness
- Other
URBAN TRANSFORMATION
“Urban transformation is the process of safely rebuilding risky structures in cities and villages in a country.”
12. Before – During – After
1
Preparations to be made before a disaster:
- Disaster-resistant buildings
- Family Disaster Plan
- Risks in the home
- Meeting Point
- Disaster and Emergency Information Card
- Disaster and Emergency Bag
- Emergency Call Numbers
2
Preparations to be made in case of disaster (During):
- Correct manners of behavior
3
Preparations for post-disaster (After):
- Evacuation
- First hours after disaster
- Return to living space
- Volunteering
13. BEFORE – Living in Disaster Resilient Buildings
İmage:
- Have regular maintenance after construction during use.
- Are proper due to the strength conditions according with building code regulations.
- Aren’t used for a different purpose.
- Have received proper engineering services.
- Aren’t modifications/renovations (according with the project).
- Are built according to the vernacular architecture.
- Are built by certificated workers.
- Have the necessary residential usage licence.
14. BEFORE – Identification of Structural Risks, Mitigation, Strengthening, Reconstruction
If you find out the earthquake resistance of the building in which you live and work, you can take precautions against your risk.
Your building:
- It may be earthquake resistant.
- It may be weak in terms of earthquake resistance;
Strengthening
Reconstruction
15. BEFORE – Get insurance, secure your living spaces
Our life has no insurance.
However, we can increase our quality of life by taking out insurance for different areas of our lives.
İmage:
- Fire Insurance
- Earthquake Insurance
- Flood Insurance
- Weather Risks Insurance
- Theft Protection
- Health Insurance
- Car Insurance
17. BEFORE – Identify dangers in your home; reduce the risks
“The Big Impact of Small Changes and Measures’’
Reduce Items:
Do not keep dangerous substances or items that you do not use or use rarely in your home.
Change Locations:
Replace items behind the door, like carpets, ironing board, ladder, vacuum cleaner.
Secure Items:
Secure items that can block your way or fall over.
21. BEFORE – How do you choose an emergency evacuation area?
- Consider the size of your emergency assembly area
- Location of your emergency assembly area
- Safety of the area
- Easily accessible by those with special needs
- Having flat land that is as smooth as possible
- Should be open spaces
- Path to the assembly area does not pose further threat or risk to people
22. BEFORE – Out of region connection – Determine a local support person
The local support person can be your relative or neighbor in that location.
Identify a contact person, especially outside the capital and metropolitan areas. Give the phone numbers of all your family and relatives who may be worried about you to this person.
Give the phone number of this person to your family and relatives; inform the out-of-region contact person about your situation after the disaster via text.
İmage:
- Hi Dad! There was a big flood here.
- Get well soon 🙁 Where are you now?
- We are fine right now. We are at our safe meeting point.
- Ok, let’s get in touch.
- Inform my relatives about the situation
23. BEFORE – Disaster and Emergency Information Card
Don’t forget to put a copy in your Disaster and Emergency Bag.
Disaster and Emergency Information Cards should be kept in students’ school bags. In case of disaster or emergency, these cards should be hung around students’ necks.
İmage:
- Name-Surname
- Date of Birth
- ID Number
- Blood Group
- Address
- In Emergency Contact Person
- Name-Surname (of Emergency Contact Person)
- Phone Number (of Emergency Contact Person)
24. BEFORE – Disaster and Emergency Bag
- Decide on your needs and prepare a bag for the first 72 hours after disasters.
- If there are people with disabilities, elderly, children or special needs in your family, don’t forget their special supplies
- Update your bag every 6 months according to seasonal conditions
- Don’t forget your pets needs too, if you have
İmage:
- Children’s activity material
- Hygiene products
- Battery-operated radio, flashlight plus extra batteries
- Water and food
- Keys
- Basic medicines and health records
- Clothes and blanket
- Pocketknife
- Money
- Glasses/lens
- Copies of important documents
- First Aid kit
- Whistle
- Protective materials
- Family Disaster Plan
25. BEFORE – Do you know emergency phone numbers?
What should I say in an emergency call? Describe the situation as simply as possible.
For example,
- Speak clearly, give your name
- Location of the emergency
- What’s going on
- How many injuries
Don’t call
Emergency Numbers
unnecessarily unless there
are Emergencies.
The emergency number differs from country to country; it is typically a three-digit number so that it can be easily remembered and dialed quickly.
27. BEFORE – Remindings
However, it should not be forgotten that this bag will be carried and therefore, if it is heavy, a second bag can be prepared.
- Pay attention to the expiration dates of the items in the bag.
- Choose clothes according to seasonal characteristics.
- Check every 6 months and make necessary changes.
- Place your important documents and belongings in ziplock plastic bags against the risk of floods.
- Back up your Disaster and Emergency Information Cards and put them in your bag.
28. EARTHQUAKE – What is an Earthquake?
- Drop, Cover and Hold is the right action to take during an earthquake.
- It stops you being knocked over, makes you a smaller target for falling and flying objects, and protects your head, neck and vital organs.
- The common thread in all of them is to minimize the target.
- You may find other information (not Drop, Cover and Hold) on the Internet about what to do in an earthquake. Much of it has been discredited and should not be followed.
33. EARTHQUAKE – After the Earthquake
1
Be prepared for aftershocks. With every aftershock; Apply DROP – COVER – HOLD ON position.
2
In case of a TSUNAMI, move away from the seashore and to higher areas.
3
Health services may be disrupted due to density. Therefore, gain FIRST AID KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS.
34. EARTHQUAKE – Beware of Secondary Disasters
- After a major disaster, such as an earthquake, another major event may occur. These disasters are called “Secondary Disasters“. For example:
- Aftershocks
- Fire
- Tsunami
- Chemical Leak
- Dam Failures
- Secondary disasters can often cause much greater loss of life and property than the primary disaster.
36. FLOOD/ING- Be Prepared!
With following the meteorological warnings, it is possible to prevent loss of life and property due to floods.
image
- Determine the risk status of your area
- Avoid settling in floodplains
- Follow warnings from the relevant authorities
- Secure doors and windows
- Secure items on balconies and terraces
- To be prepared, stock up on construction materials and keep a tool chest ready
37. FLOOD/ING During Flood/Flooding
Before it floods:
- Check out your preparations
- Fill the tub and vessels with clean water
- Turn off utilities
- Take your disaster and emergency bag
- Be aware that flash floods may occur
- Take action to get to a higher place
When the flood started:
- Don’t go out unless necessary
- Leave low areas; go to high and safe areas
- Stay away from sources of electricity
- Never enter flood waters. Do not drive your vehicle on roads covered with water
- Protect yourself against drifting parts (piece of wood, iron etc.)
- If there is a danger of tornado, take shelter indoors; avoid high areas of buildings and near windows
Be Careful!
Fast flowing water (15-20 cm high) drags PEOPLE away
Fast flowing water (25-40 cm high) drags the VEHICLES
38. FLOOD- “Be on the Safe Hands” after Flood/Flooding
image
- Act according to authorities’ warnings
- Help neighbors, elderly, disabled and children who need special attention
- Check if there is any damage to your building
- If there is still water around your house, do not try to enter the house
- Beware of animals. If you have been injured, you should be vaccinated against tetanus
- Do not touch broken electrical cables
- Do not use electrical equipment that has been in contact with water
- Use bottled water if possible
40. LANDSLIDE- Things to Consider Before a Landslide
What are the symptoms of landslides?
image:
- Learn about the danger of landslides
- Attend the trainings
- Do not choose landslide risk areas as settlements
- Take out your insurance against landslide risk
- Consider the risk of landslides in your Disaster and Emergency Family Plan
- Evacuate (if necessary)
41. LANDSLIDE – During the Landslide
IF YOU ARE INSIDE
- If you don’t have enough time, stay inside
- Apply the DROP-COVER-HOLD ON movement under and/or next to sturdy items.
- Do not leave your position until the movement you feel ends.
IF YOU ARE OUTSIDE
- Do not stand in the path of a landslide or mudflow
- Warn people around you
- Move away from the path of the landslide and get as high up as possible
- If you don’t have time or anything durable around you to hide behind, protect your head and neck by doing the DROP-COVER-HOLD ON behavior where you are.
42. LANDSLIDE – When the landslide is over
image
- Make sure you’re safe
- If possible, avoid the area
- Help injured people
- Do not use electricity and flammable materials
- Be careful of floods that may occur after landslides
- Do not enter damaged buildings to get items
- Keep streets clear for emergency vehicles
- Avoid walking around walls, roofs and chimneys that may pose a risk
- Don’t keep the phones busy if you don’t need them
44. AVALANCHE – information
image:
- Avoid building settlements in avalanche zones
- Insure your building against avalanche
- Do not remove trees and vegetation in the valleys, do not destroy the FORESTS
- Follow the weather and road conditions during the snowy months
- Do not go to mountains and avalanche areas during snowfall periods
- Do not pass through dangerous and steep slopes
45. AVALANCHE- Things to Consider Before, During and After an Avalanche
1. BEFORE
- Follow weather and road condition reports carefully during snowy months
- Get information about avalanche risks in the area you live in, consider avalanche risks in the Disaster and Emergency Family Plan
- Get complementary training: First Aid, etc.
2. DURING
- Keep cool
- Try to reach the edges where the avalanche is slower and less high
- Warn those around you by shouting or using other sound sources
- If you are in a vehicle when the avalanche starts: Stop the engine and turn off the lights
3. AFTER
- Use any device that emits sound and light
- Cover people affected by an avalanche first and never put them directly into a hot environment
- If you feel you are close to the surface, shout
- If possible, call emergency number
47. FIRE – During Fire
1
Inform
- Call emergency number
- Inform others
- Run alarm
2
First stage fire
PASS
- Pull the pin
- Aim the nozzle
- Squeeze the handle
- Sweep
3
If the fire has grown, leave
- Quickly to the nearest emergency exit
- Close all doors between you and the fire
- Drop to hands and knees and crawl if there is smoke
- Assemble at the area designated in your Family Disaster Plan
53. EVACUATION- If Evacuation Is Necessary
- If you have time, turn off the installations
- Take your disaster/emergency bag with you
- Lock your door
- Don’t use elevators
- Help people who need support (your safety first)
- Use predetermined evacuation routes unless otherwise stated
- Move quickly into safe areas
- Go to the pre-determined meeting place
54. EVACUATION
COMMON MISTAKES DURING EVACUATION
- Going to see what’s going on
- Collect items etc.
- Finish the work in progress
- Ignoring warnings
- Try to calling relative
- To be in a state of panic
RETURN TO THE PLACE OF LIVING
- When you want to enter your building, identify the dangers in the building and take the necessary precautions.
- If you and your family are healthy and safe, try to meet the needs of others.
IF THE REGION WE LIVE IN IS COMPLETELY AT RISK; REGIONAL EVACUATION
- Regional evacuation orders are given by official authorities.
- In the aftermath of the disaster, press media and instructions of local authorities should be followed continuously.
- The endangered area should be evacuated quickly but in an orderly manner.
55. EVACUATION- Evacuation Inside – Shelter In Place
İmage:
- It aims to protect you inside the building from the dangerous situation outside such as extreme weather events, small – scale chemical spills.
- Regional Evacuation
If your area is under risk; you have to evacuate your neighborhood - Regional Evacuation Route
57. FIRST AID- PRR
1
PROTECTION
The most important action is to create a safe environment by identifying the dangers that may occur at the scene.
2
REPORTING
Telephone communications in all cases requiring first aid are carried out over a 1-1-2/9-1-1 emergency phone number.
3
RESPONDING
At the scene, intervention to the injured should be done quickly but calmly.
58. FIRST AID – PRR – 2
DISASTER AWARENESS TRAINING-TTT
1
HAZARDS AND RISKS THAT MAY TURN INTO DISASTER IN OUR LIVING ENVIRONMENT
- Danger (Hazard)
- Risk
- Vulnerability
- Capacity
2
BE PREPARED FOR THE FIRST 72 HOURS
- Disaster and Emergency Family Plan
- Correct behavior in emergencies
- Counting of dangers
- Identifying a Meeting Place
- Disaster and Emergency Bag
- Suitable Materials for Family Need
- Check Every Six Months
- The bag should be kept in the right place
3
CORRECT BEHAVIOR BEFORE-DURING-AFTER A DISASTER OR EMERGENCY
- To exhibit appropriate behavior depending on what danger we will face. This will minimize the risk of damage.
- DROP-COVER-HOLD ON
- Shelter in place
- Evacuation inside
- Going to high places
- Correct Evacuation
4
WHAT SKILLS SHOULD BE ACQUIRED?
- In the first minutes of a disaster, it’s everyone on their own; Only our own preparation and knowledge will protect us
- First aid training
- Ability to use the Fire Extinguisher
- Basic Search and Rescue Training
I completed the course